1,466 research outputs found
Casimir interactions of an object inside a spherical metal shell
We investigate the electromagnetic Casimir interactions of an object
contained within an otherwise empty, perfectly conducting spherical shell. For
a small object we present analytical calculations of the force, which is
directed away from the center of the cavity, and the torque, which tends to
align the object opposite to the preferred alignment outside the cavity. For a
perfectly conducting sphere as the interior object, we compute the corrections
to the proximity force approximation (PFA) numerically. In both cases the
results for the interior configuration match smoothly onto those for the
corresponding exterior configuration.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Casimir potential of a compact object enclosed by a spherical cavity
We study the electromagnetic Casimir interaction of a compact object
contained inside a closed cavity of another compact object. We express the
interaction energy in terms of the objects' scattering matrices and translation
matrices that relate the coordinate systems appropriate to each object. When
the enclosing object is an otherwise empty metallic spherical shell, much
larger than the internal object, and the two are sufficiently separated, the
Casimir force can be expressed in terms of the static electric and magnetic
multipole polarizabilities of the internal object, which is analogous to the
Casimir-Polder result. Although it is not a simple power law, the dependence of
the force on the separation of the object from the containing sphere is a
universal function of its displacement from the center of the sphere,
independent of other details of the object's electromagnetic response.
Furthermore, we compute the exact Casimir force between two metallic spheres
contained one inside the other at arbitrary separations. Finally, we combine
our results with earlier work on the Casimir force between two spheres to
obtain data on the leading order correction to the Proximity Force
Approximation for two metallic spheres both outside and within one another.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figure
Understanding the key competencies of market-ready building surveying graduates from employers’ perspectives
Purpose: This study investigates the various competencies a graduate should hold to prepare them for graduate building surveying roles from employers’ perspective.
Design/Methodology: The study employs a sequential exploratory mixed-method approach by informing a quantitative study with the finding from a qualitative study.
Findings: Based on exploratory factor analysis, the study found that 13 essential competencies are valued by the employers when recruiting building surveying graduates, as they are requisites for effective job performance. Personal management skills, technical surveying knowledge, and knowledge of RICS standards are the essential competencies based on the level of variance extracted by the three components. Other competency categories include client management skills, being goal-driven and self-motivated, optimistic personality traits, strong mental resilience, building maintenance and management knowledge, and time management skills, among others that are explained in the paper.
Originality/Value: The essential competencies were dependent on maintaining a balance between knowledge, skills and personality-based competencies. Measures and approaches for gaining the essential competencies, as well as their level of significance, are further discussed. The study will be of significant benefits to employers of graduate building surveyors, academic institutions that are seeking to improve their graduate employability, as well as students that are preparing for the world of work
Casimir spring and compass: Stable levitation and alignment of compact objects
We investigate a stable Casimir force configuration consisting of an object
contained inside a spherical or spheroidal cavity filled with a dielectric
medium. The spring constant for displacements from the center of the cavity and
the dependence of the energy on the relative orientations of the inner object
and the cavity walls are computed. We find that the stability of the force
equilibrium can be predicted based on the sign of the force, but the torque
cannot be.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Detection of Bosenovae with Quantum Sensors on Earth and in Space
In a broad class of theories, the accumulation of ultralight dark matter
(ULDM) with particles of mass
leads the to formation of long-lived bound states known as boson stars. When
the ULDM exhibits self-interactions, prodigious bursts of energy carried by
relativistic bosons are released from collapsing boson stars in bosenova
explosions. We extensively explore the potential reach of terrestrial and
space-based experiments for detecting transient signatures of emitted
relativistic bursts of scalar particles, including ULDM coupled to photons,
electrons, and gluons, capturing a wide range of motivated theories. For the
scenario of relaxion ULDM, we demonstrate that upcoming experiments and
technology such as nuclear clocks as well as space-based interferometers will
be able to sensitively probe orders of magnitude in the ULDM coupling-mass
parameter space, challenging to study otherwise, by detecting signatures of
transient bosenova events. Our analysis can be readily extended to different
scenarios of relativistic scalar particle emission.Comment: 16 pages, 9 figure
The effect of inventory leanness on firms’ credit ratings: The case of Pakistan
Inventory leanness requires that firms minimize inventory mistreatment and misuse. A firm performance deteriorates because of high inventory misuse, and because of such an issue, the effect on the firm’s credit rating can also be seen. This study examines the effect of inventory leanness on firms’ credit ratings. It aims to create an understanding of the relationship between inventory leanness and the firm’s financial performance and provides insight into the credit rating system of Pakistan. We analyze secondary Pakistan data between 2008 and 2017. Among the sixty firms on Pakistan Stock Exchange that are rated by PACRA, only thirty-eight have complete data available on their respective websites. By using panel data analysis, the results indicate that inventory leanness and credit ratings are positively related. In an added analysis, we evaluate the financial performance in the context of credit rating by using control variables (size, leverage, and capital intensity ratio) and dummy variables (loss and subordinate debt). Our results are consistent with earlier studies.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Differentially Private Adaptive Optimization with Delayed Preconditioners
Privacy noise may negate the benefits of using adaptive optimizers in
differentially private model training. Prior works typically address this issue
by using auxiliary information (e.g., public data) to boost the effectiveness
of adaptive optimization. In this work, we explore techniques to estimate and
efficiently adapt to gradient geometry in private adaptive optimization without
auxiliary data. Motivated by the observation that adaptive methods can tolerate
stale preconditioners, we propose differentially private adaptive training with
delayed preconditioners (DP^2), a simple method that constructs delayed but
less noisy preconditioners to better realize the benefits of adaptivity.
Theoretically, we provide convergence guarantees for our method for both convex
and non-convex problems, and analyze trade-offs between delay and privacy noise
reduction. Empirically, we explore DP^2 across several real-world datasets,
demonstrating that it can improve convergence speed by as much as 4x relative
to non-adaptive baselines and match the performance of state-of-the-art
optimization methods that require auxiliary data.Comment: Accepted by ICLR 202
Sources of Airborne Endotoxins in Ambient Air and Exposure of Nearby Communities—A Review
Endotoxin is a bioaerosol component that is known to cause respiratory effects in exposed populations. To date, most research focused on occupational exposure, whilst much less is known about the impact of emissions from industrial operations on downwind endotoxin concentrations. A review of the literature was undertaken, identifying studies that reported endotoxin concentrations in both ambient environments and around sources with high endotoxin emissions. Ambient endotoxin concentrations in both rural and urban areas are generally below 10 endotoxin units (EU) m−3; however, around significant sources such as compost facilities, farms, and wastewater treatment plants, endotoxin concentrations regularly exceeded 100 EU m−3. However, this is affected by a range of factors including sampling approach, equipment, and duration. Reported downwind measurements of endotoxin demonstrate that endotoxin concentrations can remain above upwind concentrations. The evaluation of reported data is complicated due to a wide range of different parameters including sampling approaches, temperature, and site activity, demonstrating the need for a standardised methodology and improved guidance. Thorough characterisation of ambient endotoxin levels and modelling of endotoxin from pollution sources is needed to help inform future policy and support a robust health-based risk assessment process
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